Scientists have successfully created genetically modified mice with traits resembling the extinct woolly mammoth. This marks a key milestone in efforts to bring back the mammoth or a similar species, according to Colossal Biosciences, a Dallas-based company focused on de-extinction.
"For us, it's an incredibly big deal," said Beth Shapiro, the company’s chief science officer. Colossal announced the achievement on Tuesday, revealing that genetically altered "woolly mice" were born in October after scientists implanted modified embryos into lab mice.
The researchers started by identifying genes that made woolly mammoths unique, comparing their DNA to that of their closest living relatives—African and Asian elephants. These genes were responsible for key traits like: Thick, woolly fur, and a special fat metabolism that helped them survive the cold. They then looked for similar genes in mice and used gene-editing technology to introduce mammoth-like traits. The result? Mice with long, golden, woolly coats and fat similar to mammoths, which helps them tolerate cold weather.
"This is really validation that what we have in mind for our longer-term de-extinction project is really going to work," Shapiro told NPR.
Colossal aims to edit the genes of Asian elephant embryos, implant them in female elephants, and eventually produce mammoth-like calves."This is the way that we're going to create mammoths for the future," Shapiro said. The company believes reviving mammoth-like creatures could help restore Arctic ecosystems, where mammoths once roamed.
While some scientists find the woolly mice fascinating, others remain skeptical about whether the same techniques will work for elephants. "I'm pretty skeptical about this, but that mouse is pretty adorable," said Vincent Lynch, a biology professor at the University at Buffalo.
A common skepticism amongst critics is that beyond the scientific challenges, some critics argue that resources should focus on saving endangered species, rather than resurrecting extinct ones.
Others worry about unintended consequences of introducing mammoth-like creatures into the Arctic. Despite the criticism, Colossal Biosciences insists their work is environmentally beneficial.
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