Our surroundings are full of beautiful relationships that go beyond our expectations. But what are symbiotic relationships? Sometimes, the intimate and long-term coexistence of some species takes various forms, from mutual friendship where the two sides reap benefits, to parasitic relationships where a species benefits at the cost of another.
These relationships reveal the surprising adaptability and relation of life on Earth to each other. For example, cleaner fish and shrimp give hygiene services to larger marine animals by eating parasites off their bodies, while certain species of ants protect and guard bugs for the sweet honeydew they produce. But there is also a frightening creature that keeps some tiny creatures as pets for their help. It might be surprising to find out who it is.
Symbiotic relationships are responsible for the ecological balance on the Earth. Among such interesting relationships, the bond between some species of spiders, specifically tarantulas, and small frogs is bizarre yet an interesting one. Such spiders, living in tropical habitats, have been known to "keep" small frogs as pets with both gaining advantage in a mutualistic relationship.
In this collaboration between the two animals, the small frogs keep the burrow of the spider free of ants and other intruders that might pose a threat to the spider's eggs as ants are used to taking over burrows and eating spider eggs, and such an invasion could be devastating to the spider.
The frogs are small, have quick movements, and are skilled predators of these minute intruders. As a reward, the frogs have a secure shelter in the spider's burrow to avoid being hunted by larger predators that may feed on them, as the presence of the powerful tarantula gives a warning against threats, and the frog is thus protected.
This symbiotic relationship identifies the flexibility and dependence among various species in the animal world. The frog gives the tarantula pest-control services of the frog, which increases the survival chances of its offspring. In return, the frog is given protection and shelter by the burrow of the spider.
This connection is an example of how dissimilar animals can create helpful associations to improve their chances of survival. Such unusual symbiotic relationships are not uncommon; it also shows how species co-evolve with each other and that each species plays a unique role in maintaining the ecological balance.
Some other animals that exhibit symbiotic relationships
Some other examples of these relationships are the clownfish and sea anemones, in which clownfish receive protection in between of the anemone's tentacles and, in exchange, clean and supply nutrients to the anemone.
Oxpecker birds and large mammals, such as rhinos, also have a mutual relationship in which the birds feed on ticks and parasites on the mammals’ bodies, keeping them healthy.
Fungal mycorrhizae and plant roots also have symbiosis, with fungi that help in nutrient uptake for plants and the plants provide the fungi with carbohydrates.